STANCE AND ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE DISCOURSE OF RELIGIOUS ENCUMBRANCES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NIGERIA
Keywords:
Churches, COVID-19, Lockdown, Online Discourse, Stance and Engagement, Nigeria.Abstract
This study investigates the encumbrance of COVID-19 on the spiritual, health and general well-being of Nigerians and its implications. This study, based on a qualitative process, drawing inputs from Hyland’s Stance and Engagement Theory, explores the engagement elements and discursive strategies evident in the different stances of Nigerians on the government’s ban on churches and its implications on their spiritual well-being. Eighteen different online comments and reactions of Nigerians to four purposively selected news items in The Punch, Premium Times and The Guardian e-newspapers from May-July 2020 were sampled and subjected to discourse analysis. The analysis reveals that people’s affinity to religion, doctrine and clerics affected their attitude and stance on the ban on worship centres. It was also discovered that the discursive strategies embedded in the stances of the participants portrayed the church as an all-round solution centre and, by implication, whatever keeps them away from the church is out to destroy them. The engagement elements compelled the readers’ presence, tasked the readers’ cognition and guided them to the participants’ desired line of thought. Moreover, it was recommended that the government include religious bodies in policy-making, especially when it involves religious issues, to minimise resistance.References
Opening markets, closing churches for COVID-19 wrong – Oyedepo. (2020, May 7). The Punch. https://www.punchng.com
COVID-19: Oyakhilome slams pastors for consenting to closure of churches. (2020, May 5). Premium Times. https://www.premiumtimesng.com
COVID-19: Okotie condemns CAN’s social distancing guidelines for churches. (2020, June 1). Premium Times. https://www.premiumtimesng.com
Two months without congregational worship… Clerics, other faithful share experiences. (2020, June 6). The Guardian: Saturday Magazine. https://www.guardian.ng
Secondary Sources
Afolaranmi, A. O. (2020). Effects of COVID-19-pandemic lockdown of churches in Nigeria on pastoral ministry: Matters arising. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 6(6), 164-171.
Bednarek, M. (2006). Evaluation in media discourse: Analysis of a newspaper corpus. Continuum.
Biber, D. (2006). University language: A corpus-based study of spoken and written registers. John Benjamins.
Chiluwa, I., & Odebunmi, O. (2016). On terrorist attacks in Nigeria: Stance and engagement in conversations on Nairaland. Communication and the Public, 1(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057047316650086
Council on Foreign Relations. (2020, March 19). How are major religions responding to the coronavirus? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/inbriefs
Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). An introduction to functional grammar (2nd ed.). Edward Arnold.
Hyland, K. (2005). Stance and engagement: A model of interaction in academic discourse. Discourse Studies, 7, 173–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605050365
Isiko, A. P. (2020). Religious construction of disease: An exploratory appraisal of religious responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda. Journal of African Studies and Development, 12(3), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.5897/JASD2020.0576
Martin, J. (2000). Beyond exchange: Appraisal systems in English. In S. Hunston & G. Thompson (Eds.), Evaluation in text (pp. 142–175). Oxford University Press.
Obi-Ani, N. A., Anikwenze, C., & Isiani, M. C. (2020). Social media and the COVID-19 pandemic: Observations from Nigeria. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7, 1799483. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1799483
Osisanwo, A. (2016). Stance and engagement in e-Punch newspaper readers’ comments on former President Goodluck Jonathan administration’s war against Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria. Journal of English Studies Association of Nigeria, 19(1), 143-160.
The Independent News. (2020, March 18). Catholic churches in Nigeria creating awareness. The Independent News. https://www.independentnews.ng/1344562-church-awareness
VOA News. (2020, March 27). Churches will not be shut down because Coronavirus is a devil tool against us – President John Magufuli. VOA News. https://www.voanews.com
Wall Africa. (2020, May 19). Nigerian religious leaders demand lifting of COVID-19 lockdown. Wall Africa. https://www.wallafrica.ng/1325181-Nigerian-Religious-Leaders-Demand-Lifting-of-COVID-19-Lockdown.html